Influence and Creativity Essay - 1237 Words

Influence and Creativity I have a habit of noticing redundancies in other people. Their personalities and their thoughts just seem so similar: daughters trying to be like mothers, or sons trying to be like fathers, or friends trying to be like each other. In my mind the sense of self that we as human beings have is more of a delusion than a reality, where we are nothing but the products of a multitude of influences throughout our lives. Did I ever have an original thought in my life? Or is it always someone elses idea that I am only repeating? What does it mean to be a human being without original thought and creativity? I talk like my friends do. I learned body language from my parents, stories from movies and books,†¦show more content†¦Among these cultural influences are the commercial superpowers that affect us every day, and the cynical view is that we are all alike as a result. Mass media conglomerates provide the vast majority of content on our television stations, while the Clear Channe l Incorporated dominates 100 of the 112 radio station markets. You can hardly walk down the street without being bombarded with image and advertisements to the point where you can recognize brands and products before you can even distinguish the letters, simply from the colors and shapes. We all grew up with the Disney white castle and the characters of their films. We dine under the glow of the golden arches. We Just Be with Calvin Klein, whatever that means. The Pavlovian excitement associated with You Got Mail! is so strong that internet-addiction websites suggest that we turn off sound effects in many of our favorite programs. With so much content and imagery from the consumerist culture assaulting our senses, how are we supposed to distinguish influence from creativity? Why am I so worried that all the children I know only seem to draw pictures of Spongebob Squarepants or Pokemon characters? Furthermore, there seems to be a movement toward categorization that is all the more disturbing becauseShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Cultures Influence on Creativity and Innovation3322 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational Cultures Influence on Creativity and Innovation Organizational Culture: Organizational culture is the collection of common beliefs and thoughts which are shared by the members in an organization within its workplace (Steiner, 2006). The organizational culture does not entail all the stakeholders of the organization; it is merely the collective behavior of an organizations internal customers, i.e. the employees or the human resources (Martins Martins, 2002). 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The Proteinuria In Childhood Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(78) " dipstick trial gives a qualitative judgement of urinary protein elimination\." Proteins are a major constituent of all our organic structure parts, including musculuss, castanetss, hair, and nails. Proteins that circulate in our blood stream besides carry out a figure of of import maps. They help to keep our organic structure maps such as protecting from infection, blood curdling and maintaining the right sum of fluid go arounding around our organic structures, so it is indispensable to keep the right degrees of proteins in our organic structures because of that albuminuria should go a disease which we should pay much attending. We will write a custom essay sample on The Proteinuria In Childhood Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The prevalence of stray albuminuria ( symptomless albuminuria ) detected by everyday uranalysis of kids who aged 7-15 old ages were shown to be approximately 10 % although this decreases to 0.1 per centum at repeated testing ( 1 ) . A survey numbering mass showing of school-aged kids in Asia revealed similar findings. The happening increases with age, extremums during adolescence, and is higher in misss. The of import thing is distinction the kid who has proteinuria associated to nephritic diseases, if non healthy kid with transient or benign status of albuminuria. Research shows that type and the degree of albuminuria is a good index of the grade of kidney harm and an earlier warning of developing progressive kidney disease. I hope to discourse about the pathophysiology, etiology, measurings, mark and symptoms, direction and new clinical probes sing albuminuria. What is albuminuria ( in kids ) ? Albuminurias means presence of proteins in inordinate sum, transcending their normal scope in piss. The undermentioned chart shows normal scope of protein elimination harmonizing to the age preferring their organic structure size. Children have somewhat higher usual rate of protein elimination than grownups. Age group Entire protein ( mg per 24 hours ) Entire protein ( mg per M2 per 24 hours ) 95 per centum assurance bounds ( mg per M2 per 24 hours ) 5 to 30 twenty-four hours ( premature ) 29 182 88 to 377 7 to 30 yearss ( full term ) 32 145 68 to 309 2 to 12 months ( baby ) 38 109 48 to 244 2 to 4 old ages ( kid ) 49 91 37 to 223 4 to 10 old ages 71 85 31 to 234 10 to 16 old ages 83 63 22 to 181 Physiologically most healthy kids excrete little sums of protein in their piss. Newborn babies shows highest sum of protein elimination, when corrected for organic structure surface country. Then it decreases with the age until late adolescence. Urinary proteins consist of many of import proteins such as albumen, other plasma proteins, proteins arising in the kidney and urinary piece of land, and chiefly Tamm-Horsfall protein ( uromodulin ) . The normal mention scope of childhood albuminuria is 100mg/m3/day. Mechanism of albuminuria in kids In the kidney, fluid that resembles plasma is filtrated from the glomerular capillaries into the nephritic tubules which called as glomerular filtration. This glomerular barrier consists of three beds. They are, Capillary endothelium The cellar membrane Specialized epithelial tissue of the capsule which is made up of Podocytes. In the healthy persons, negligible protein sum is filtrated because of both size selectivity and the charge. Filtration barrier contains negatively charged proteins named sialoproteins and proteoglycans such as heparan sulphate. So this barrier can drive the negatively charged proteins. Fixed collagen net within cellar membrane, podocytes with their interdigitating processes serve as successful size barrier. Low molecular weight proteins can be filtrated by the glomerulus and absorbed by proximal nephritic tubules. Some of them are microglobulin, ? microglobulin, vitamin A1 adhering protein like insulin ( 3, 4 ) . Most of the protein in urine comes from caducous cannular cells ( 5 ) . We can categorise albuminurias harmonizing to mechanism of albuminuria under three headers. They are glomerular albuminurias, cannular albuminuria, secretory albuminuria. Glomerular albuminuria Glomerular albuminuria is caused by increasing permeableness of capillary endothelium. This may run from A ; lt ; 1g to A ; gt ; 30g/24hr ( 1 ) . This can be categorized into selective and nonselective glomerular albuminuria. In selective glomerular albuminurias low molecular weight plasma proteins can be loss, together with albumen. In non selective glomerular albuminuria, proteins with big molecular weight such as IgG can be loss. Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, amylodosis, segmental glomeruloclerosis, membranous kidney disease are some of the upset characters of glomerular albuminuria. Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis can be due to damage glomerular cellar membrane, increasing the permeableness for plasma proteins. In inborn or minimum nephrotic syndrome, diminishing anionic charge of glomerular cellar membrane can do to loss of albumen. In recent yesteryear, patients who have proteinuria with reduced nephritic mass besides can be found in a great trade of attention-grabbing. Experiments sing this reveal that staying uriniferous tubules are affecting in hyperfiltration taking to progressive glomeruloclerosis ( 7 ) . Glomerular albuminuria should be suspected by first forenoon urine protein/creatinine ratio A ; gt ; 1.0 or albuminurias with any degree, together with hydrops, high blood pressure, nephritic disfunction and haematuria. Tubular albuminuria In healthy people great sum of proteins which has low molecular weight than albumens such as ?2 microglobulin, Ig visible radiation ironss, retinal binding protein and amino acids are filtrated and later reabsorbed by the proximal tubules ( 8 ) . In tubulointerstitial diseases, these filtered protein are lost in the piss due to a defect in cannular epithelial. Tubular albuminuria can be inherited or acquired upset may be with glycosuria, aminoaciduria and phosphaturia. The relatively high protein elimination can be observed in newborns represents cannular albuminurias owing to immatureness of their nephritic map. Glomerular albuminuria and cannular albuminurias can be distinguished by cataphoresis of the protein sample. Not like the glomerular albuminuria in cannular albuminurias really small sum of albumen can be detected. Secretory albuminuria Secretory albuminuria is owing to oversecretion of tissue proteins in the tubules, particularly oversecretion of Tamm-Horsfall protein from the epithelial cell of the cringle in Henle. Tamm- Horsfall protein has been shown to leak into the inerstium inexperimental reflux kidney disease, clogging uropathy and some tubulointerstitial upsets ( 8 ) . Measurements of albuminuria The dipstick trial The urine dipstick trial gives a qualitative judgement of urinary protein elimination. You read "The Proteinuria In Childhood Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" The tetrabromophenol bluish colorimetric method is used by the urine dipstick trial, which is by and large used as testing method. The strength of coloring material alterations from yellow to blue correlatives with the sum of protein in the piss. Albuminuria is chiefly detected by this trial and less sensitive to other signifiers of proteins specially which has low molecular weight. This trial is sensitive to albumin concentration every bit low as 15mg/dL. But it is non satisfactorily sensitive for mensurating albumen in the scope of microalbuminuria. The dipstick is reported as negative, hint ( 10-20 milligram per deciliter ) , 1+ ( 30 milligram per deciliter ) , 2+ ( 100 milligram per deciliter ) , 3+ ( 300 milligram per deciliter ) , and 4+ ( 1,000 milligram per deciliter or greater ) ( 6 ) . But wi th the dilute piss ( specific gravitation A ; lt ; 1.002 ) and acidic piss which has low pH value than 4.5 and in a disease status which the major urine protein is non albumin can give false negative consequences. False positive consequences can be given with alkalic piss ( pH A ; gt ; 8 ) , concentrated piss ( specific gravitation A ; gt ; 1.030 ) , gross haematuria, bacteriuria, taint with antiseptic agents. A dipstick should be considered positive for protein if it registers A ; gt ; 1+ ( 30 mg/dL ) in urine sample in which the particular gravitation is A ; lt ; 1.015. If the specific gravitation is A ; gt ; 1.015, the dipstick must read amp ; gt ; 2+ to be considered clinically important. Sulfosalicylic acid trial To corroborate the positive consequences of the dipstick trial another trial must be done by utilizing sulfosalicylic acid. Because this trial can observe all categories of proteins. In the trial three beads of sulfosalicylic acid are added to 5 milliliter of piss. So this causes to change over the solution into acidic taking to the precipitation of proteins. But this besides can give false negative consequences due to diluite urine. False positive consequences can take topographic point owing to happening of radiographic contrast stuffs ( 9 ) . Spot urine protein/creatinine ( UPr/Cr ) trial Children with positive consequences for dipstick trial with relentless albuminuria should travel through the more precise topographic point urine protein/creatinine ( UPr/Cr ) trial which gives quantitative measuring of proteins in the piss. The normal ratio for random urine protein/creatinine ratio in younger kids than 2 old ages is A ; lt ; 0.5, in kids 2 twelvemonth of age or older is A ; lt ; 0.2. A ratio A ; gt ; 3 reveals the nephrotic scope of albuminuria. If a kid is given ( UPr/Cr ) 2 A ; gt ; ratio A ; gt ; 0.2, it is required to obtain a 24 hour urine aggregation. It has found that in kids with terrible malnutrition, serum and urine creatinine degrees depend on musculus mass, because of that the ratio is non valid. However acquiring random protein/creatinine ratio is a convenient method for gauging urine protein elimination alternatively of acquiring a 24-hour piss aggregation which gives more precise information. But it may be a ground to inaccurate consequences because 20 four-hour urine aggregations are non practical in kids in nappies, and although the kid is potty-trained. To measure the truth of the 24 hr urine sample, it may be helpful in mensurating the sum of creatinine. Steady-state day-to-day creatinine elimination is 20 mg/kg in kids from 1 to 12 old ages of age and 22 to 25 mg/kg in older kids. Girls show lower values in creatinine elimination. Normal protein elimination in kids in 24 hr urine aggregation is defined as A ; lt ; 4 mg/m2/hr, unnatural is defined as 4-40 mg/m2/hr, nephrotic scope albuminuria is defined as A ; gt ; 40 mg/m2/hr ( 9 ) . other methods Another of import and most normally used quantitative methods in mensurating protein eliminations are the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye-binding methods, the Ponceau-S method and Benzethonium chloride method. Low-molecular-weight proteins such as ?2 microglobulin can be straight ditected by Urinary protein cataphoresis. But this will be done in particular state of affairss and it is non a portion of the everyday rating of a kid with albuminuria. Similarly, the finding of microalbuminuria in diabetic kids requires the usage of more sensitive methods such as radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent check ( 10 ) . The etiology The etiology of albuminuria in kids is varied, but harmonizing to the clinical timing and frequence of the job, albuminuria can be categorized under three conditions. They are transeunt albuminurias, orthostatic albuminuria and relentless albuminuria. The orthostatic and transeunt signifiers are benign and more common. Persistent albuminuria may be associated with implicit in nephritic diseases and requires farther probes. Transient albuminuria Transient albuminuria is impermanent and 30 % – 50 % of the kids with albuminuria belong to this class ( 10 ) . This can go on owing to strenuous exercising, febrility, emphasis, exposure to cold, abdominal surgery, ictuss, desiccation, heat failure and besides due to hemodynamic changes in glomerular blood flow. After stoping of those factors transient albuminuria resolutenesss impetuously. So any therapy or intervention is non needed for kids who have this benign status. Children who have symptomless isolated albuminuria, dipstick trial demands to be repeated hebdomadal no less than two occasions to make up one’s mind the albuminuria was non transeunt. If the albuminuria disappears on repetition testing, so it is likely transient. Orthostatic albuminuria Orthostatic albuminuria or postural albuminuria is frequent in kids. Orthostatic albuminuria is affecting in 60 % of all instances of symptomless albuminuria reported in kids. Children with orthostatic albuminurias excrete negligible sum of proteins in supine place. But in the unsloped place protein elimination with the piss is raised up to 10 creases, up to 1000mg/24hr ( 1 ) . Hypertension, nephritic disfunction, hypoalbuminaemia, and haematurias are non present. If all research lab trials are normal apart from persistently elevated protein elimination, farther experiments should be done to govern out or corroborate orthostatic albuminuria. The kid is asked to empty his/her vesica, merely earlier traveling to bed at dark and collects the first urine sample in the following forenoon instantly after originating. Orthostatic albuminuria will be confirmed by the absence of proteins in the first urine sample for three back-to-back yearss. If the early forenoon urine protein/creatinine ( UPr/Cr ) ratio is A ; lt ; 0.2 mg/mg or the protein elimination in the piss collected from lying/supine place is A ; lt ; 60mg/m2/day are declarative values of orthostatic albuminurias ( 11 ) . The cause of orthostatic albuminuria is unknown ; nevertheless, partial nephritic vena obstructors in the unsloped place and nephritic hemodynamic alterations have been suggested. Persistent albuminuria Persistent albuminurias can be verified by first urine sample on three back-to-back yearss. Valuess of relentless albuminurias are, protein elimination greater than 4 mg/m2/hr in a 24 hr urine aggregation or topographic point urine protein/creatinine ratio greater than 0.2 mg/mg ) in a urine sample ( 1 ) . This can be pointed out under glomerular or cannular beginning, which I have discussed earlier. Further experiments are needed, to except relentless albuminurias from any implicit in nephritic pathology. Causes for albuminurias are more common than tubulointerstitial causes for albuminuria. We can acknowledge so many different implicit in causes for relentless albuminuria. Specially diabetes mellitus and high blood force per unit area can do harm to the kidney which lead to albuminurias, but they are non outstanding in kids. Research workers have shown that race and ethnicity besides have some consequence on developing albuminuria. African, American, Hispanic, Native American and P acific Islanders illustrations are more likely than Whites to hold albuminurias ( 12 ) . Other causes include, primary and secondary glomerulonephropathy, Collagen vascular disease, medicines, injury, toxic conditions, infections, malignances and immune system upsets. Multiple myeloma and amyloidosis can besides take to proteinuria by increasing production of proteins ( 11 ) . Examples for some of them are listed below. Cause to relentless albuminuria and its clinical characteristics. Glomerular diseases Clinical characteristics Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis haematuria, high blood pressure, oliguria, presence of ruddy blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular dramatis personaes in urine, nephrotic-range albuminuria, hypoalbuminaemia, lipemia Congenital nephrotic syndrome hydrops at birth or during first hebdomad of life, hypoalbuminaemia, lipemia IgA kidney disease Normally older than 10 old ages, haematuria, high blood pressure, oliguria, presence of ruddy blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular dramatis personaes in piss. Membranoproliferative glomerulonepritis haematuria, high blood pressure, oliguria, presence of ruddy blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular dramatis personaes in piss Henoch-Sch A ; ouml ; nlein purpura cellular dramatis personaes on uranalysis Diabetess mellitus elevated fasting blood glucose, glycosuria, weight loss Malignancies weight loss, cachexy Tubular disease Acute cannular mortification nephritic cannular epithelial cell dramatis personaes on uranalysis, elevated serum creatinine Acute tubulointerstitial Bright’s disease acute rise in serum creatinine degree, eosinophilia, white blood cells casts on uranalysis Polycystic kidney disease haematuria, high blood pressure, nephritic inadequacy, nephromegaly, ruddy blood cells on uranalysis, elevated serum creatinine Toxins elevated degree of the toxin Proximal nephritic cannular acidosis acidic piss, glycosuria, aminoaciduria, growing failure, polyuria Symptoms and marks in kids with albuminuria Clinical characteristics which related to the causes of the albuminuria, can be taken as symptoms and marks associated with relevant conditions of albuminuria, which were given in the tabular array above. Research shows most of the kids with albuminurias will non detect any unnatural mark or symptoms sing this. In kids, differential diagnosing of albuminuria has a big assortment of symptoms and marks. But in inordinate grade of albuminuria, it has some common characteristics related to nephritic disease. Some of them are edema, growing failure and high blood pressure. Their piss may look foamy in lavatories, due to presence of big sums of protein. Although edema formation is non good understood, it can explicate like this. In most cases, monolithic protein loss with urine consequences in hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia, which leads to cut down the plasma oncotic force per unit area and transudate of fluid from the intravascular compartment to the interstitial infinite, leads to roll up hydrops fluid in tissues result in periorbital, presacral, venereal, or ankle hydrops. The decrease in intravascular volume decreases nephritic perfusion force per unit area, triping the rennin-angiotensin system. This system acts on adrenal secretory organs to release aldosterone. Both rennin-angiotensin system and aldosterone stimulate the cannular resorption of Na and H2O which leads to high blood pressure. Management of albuminuria in childhood A complete history of the kid must be taken as the initial rating of albuminuria. History of the nephritic disease, alterations in urine end product, alterations in weight, gross haematuria and recent upper respiratory infections, should be included for a complete history. First a quantitative measuring should be come into procedure utilizing random or 24 hr aggregation for the UPr/Cr ratio. Parents can liberate from concern if the albuminuria is transeunt or orthostatic and the kid is symptomless. But the kid should be followed by sing a physician and must take the ratio UPR /Cr in each visit. If relentless albuminuria is recognized, intervention procedure depends on the sum of proteins in the piss. If the entire protein elimination is A ; lt ; 1g/24hr or UPR / Cr is less than 1.0, kid should see physician one time for six months. If the albuminuria exists more than a twelvemonth, kid should travel through a nephritic biopsy. If the entire protein elimination is A ; gt ; 1g/24hr, a uranalysis should be performed and the physical scrutiny should be done, which consists of measurings of tallness, designation of hydrops, ascites, weight and blood force per unit area, skin lividness and tactual exploration of the kidneys in newborn babies. Then a blood sample must be taken for finding of electrolytes, creatinine, complete blood count, blood urea N and entire protein albumen every six to 12 months. The intervention of relentless albuminurias should be aimed towards the implicit in cause. Renal echography may be helpful to separate anatomical or inborn abnormalcies such as pol ycystic kidneys in immature kids ( less than six old ages of age ) . If a kid shows elevated creatinine degrees or hypocomplementaemia or haematuria, a chronic glomerular disease may be present. When urinary protein elimination is in the nephrotic scope ( UPr/Cr A ; gt ; 3.0 ) , even without hydrops, and the kid is younger than six old ages of age, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome can be expected and a test of corticosteroid therapy should be performed. So a kid with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome should be given a test of Orasone ( 2 mg/kg/day, or 60 mg/m2/day to a upper limit of 80 mg/day ) in up to three divided doses for four to six hebdomads, followed by intervention on other every twenty-four hours for another four to six hebdomads ( 13 ) . Second-line therapy ( cyclophosphamide, Leukeran [ Leukeran ] , cyclosporine [ Sandimmune ] ) may be necessary if steroid intervention fails or inauspicious effects are intolerable ( 7 ) . If the patient has nephrotic scope protein elimination and if that kid is older than six twelvemonth of age, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome can non be expected. So the type of the disease responsible for the nephrotic syndrome can be identified by a n ephritic biopsy and a referral to a paediatric nephrologist. Angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor and/or angiotensin-II receptor blocker can be given to the patient with albuminuria as a consequence of nephritic disfunction. It will assist to decrease albuminurias and slow patterned advance of nephritic disease. The kid should travel through a farther unequivocal diagnosing, which is done by a paediatric nephrologist. In recent National Guidelines for the direction of kidney disease NICE ( National institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ) recommends that people with kidney disease and albuminuria should hold systolic blood force per unit area between 120mmHg and 130mmHg and the diastolic blood force per unit area to be less than 80mmHg, as it helps to protect the kidney ( 14 ) . Excessive limitations on the kid ‘s day-to-day life and physical activity are non required. It has been recognized dietetic protein supplementation to reconstruct the loss of protein is non recommended as it may be harmful. Taking inordinate sums of salt is non desirable and if edema develops, precise salt limitation may be necessary. New clinical probe Research workers in Canada late reported that high doses of the anti-hypertensive drug ; Candesartan Cilexetil could cut down albuminurias. This drug is an angiotensin-II receptor blocker. It besides has an consequence on fibrosis and redness in the kidney which helps to decelerate the kidney failure in this disease status ( 15 ) . Nutcracker syndrome may be an of import disease status of orthostatic albuminuria in kids. The patients with orthostatic albuminurias have unnatural degrees of anteroposterior diameter and peak speed at the hilar and aorto-mesenteric part of the left nephritic vena. This has been investigated by Doppler echography ( 16 ) . An albumin elimination in the scope of microalbuminuria is now known to be an early index of diabetic glomerular disease and systemic endothelial disfunction and is a utile predictive marker for future cardiovascular events ( 17 ) . Decision Proteinuria is a common research lab determination in kids. Pathophysiology of albuminurias can chiefly depend on either glomerular or cannular defects. A speedy but qualitative appraisal of albuminurias can be taken utilizing dipstick and sulfosalicylic acid methods. More accurate quantitation is obtained by mensurating protein elimination in 24-hour urine samples or by taking the protein/creatinine ratio in random urine samples. Frequently it can be recognized as either a transient or orthostatic in the signifier of benign status. Orthostatic albuminuria is characterized by the presence of protein in urine samples collected in the unsloped place. Persistent albuminuria is associated with serious nephritic diseases. Clinical characteristics from the history, physical scrutiny, and research lab trials help to happen out the cause of albuminuria. If the albuminuria is transeunt or orthostatic, particular interventions are non required. But farther interventions and research lab trials are mandatory, when refering about the implicit in disease, if the status is relentless. How to cite The Proteinuria In Childhood Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Concept of Organizational Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Organizational Behavior. Answer: Introduction: The essay focusing on the concept of organizational behavior in order to analyze the kind of impact it can made on the path of progress of any company. In this essay, the focus will on a particular company, namely Coca-Cola. In this essay, the focus will be on the challenges that are faced by the company regarding its sparkling beverage products, which the company categorized under the carbonated beverage. The essay will focus on this problem as the sparkling beverage has come under severe criticism from the consumers and health agencies. Therefore, it minimizes the revenue level of the company. Hence, it influences the management of the company to take some serious steps regarding organizational business process so that it can able to handle the challenges properly. In this essay, the focus will be on the kind of political impact that the carbonated beverage or sparkling beverage has made over the business process of Coca-Cola. The essay will critically analyze the role of the manag ement and leaders of the organization in order to minimize the adverse political impact of the business. Description of the problem: Coca-Cola is among the world largest distributor, marketer and manufacturer of syrups and non-alcoholic beverage (Coca-colacompany.com 2016). The company has able to develop a very popular brand with its unique products and service offering. However, the sparkling beverage of the company has come under severe criticism, as many health agencies have identified that the product has caffeine and higher sugar content. Therefore, it can have major negative impact on the health of the consumers. In addition, it also influences several diseases including diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis. Therefore, it highlighted as a major political issue that the company has to deal with. Many health specialists have mentioned that it is not only a political issue but also a major ethical issue that the company has to deal with. In addition, the negative aspect of the sparkling product has also affected the goodwill of the company. As a result, producing carbonated beverages with the limited use of seve ral materials has created challenges for the employees. Therefore, they have to learn new methods and technologies with minimal guidance as the Coca-Cola have to focuses on to make immediate changes on its production procedure. This creates negative impact on the mot5ivational level of the employees working in the production department of the carbonated beverage segment of the company. Most effected personnel caused by the problem: The above highlighted problem highlighted that quality managers will have to implement new techniques so that create a huge amount of negative impact on the leadership capability of the company. Since, selling carbonated beverage for the purpose of increasing revenue is not only right ethically but also creates a huge question mark on the business approach of Coca-Cola. As per the study by Workforce.com (2016), almost 30 million people worldwide have to face several diseases because of the extreme consumption of the carbonated beverage from different soft drink companies. Hence, management of Coca-Cola is trying to implement several strategies that will allow them to minimize the adverse political impact on the business so that it cannot able to affect the goodwill of the company. As mentioned earlier, it has been found that carbonated beverages of the company containing high amount of sugar and other ingredients that are affecting the health of the consumers. Therefore, it creates q uestions regarding the effectiveness of the production line managers. Furthermore, as selling unhealthy products is against the mission and vision of Coca-Cola, it creating questions regarding the management capability of the company. The above issue highlighted that all the employees in the production department of the carbonated beverage department of the company as a major factor, as they are facing challenges to keep themselves motivated towards their work. Symptom of the problem: Over the past few decades, people have become more and more health conscious. As a result, revenue generated from the selling of carbonated beverage is going down for Coca-Cola. However, the management of Coca-Cola is trying to minimize the amount of content that is creating negative impact on the health of the consumers in order to maintain its reputation in the market and also assure consumers that all the product of the company are completely safe for consumption. As a result, Coca-Cola has initiated many training programs for the production managers and quality checking managers so that they can able to prepare carbonated beverages with minimal amount of negative ingredients (Coca-colacompany.com 2016). However, the company has not provided enough training opportunity for the ground level employees. Therefore, they are facing lot of challenges to cope up with the production procedure changes of the company. In addition, as the management of Coca-Cola does not focus too much on th e importance of providing training to the ground level employees, it increases the dissatisfaction level of the employees. Main protagonist: The above case study highlighted the quality managers as a main protagonist. Since, the root of the problem is the presence of unhealthy elements in the product. For instance, many persons have complained that the accrue diabetes because of the overconsumption of Coca-Cola carbonated beverage product. In addition, as the quality managers is facing challenges to keep the ground level employees motivated towards their works so that the company can able to implement changes very quickly. Basic context: Leadership approach has a key influence in maintaining proper ethics for the company. According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), maintaining proper ethics is necessary for sustaining business for a long time. Since, it helps to create an image on the minds of the customers. Therefore, it has the potential to make or break any businesses. Hence, it has come up as the prime internal issue of the organization that is affecting the organizational processes. However, overall organizational structure of Coca-Cola is highly focused on the well-being of the consumers (Coca-colacompany.com 2016). Over the years, the company has taken several steps so that it can able to satisfy all the customers. Still, the above situation highlighted the fact that Coca-Cola will have to focus more on its operational aspect so that it can able to fulfill all the requirements of the market. Theoretical frames: The above study highlighted that the management will have to initiate several strategies in order to minimize adverse impact on the image of the company. The above problem has highlighted that the management of Coca-Cola will have to focus on both Political as well as human resource management framework to minimize the adverse impact of the carbonated products. Political frames will have to consider about the goodwill of the company that is affecting by the selling of unhealthy non-alcoholic beverages. The above identified problem emphasizes that Coca-Cola will have to compromise its business aspect to a certain extent in order to handle this problem effectively. Hence, it demanded that Coca-Cola would have to initiate an effective leadership approach so that the company can not only able to maintain its goodwill in the market but also can able to maintain the trust of the company. On the other hand, human resource management frames will have to consider the motivational level of the ground level employees in the carbonated beverage production department, as they are facing many challenges regarding the changes in the production procedure. Thus, the above case study highlighted that leadership and motivation are the two key factors in the organizational behavior context of the sustainable development of the business. Key Organization behavior related to identified frames: As asserted by Armstrong and Taylor (2014) several theories of leadership can have major affect the success of the organization. Many studies have also identified that employees can only be motivated if their personal requirements are fulfilled. On the other hand, many researchers have also identified that employees can be motivated through developing strong bond or relationship between employers and employees. There are many theories that have made serious impact on the employee performance. For instance, managerial theories have established its effectiveness regarding organizational performance. These theories include several features that can have major impact in managing organization. Features like employee specialization that every organization has to consider before assigning them any particular job. Since, allowing employees to work within their specialization can have major positive impact on the motivation and satisfaction level of the employees (Northouse 2013). Hence, Coca -Colas quality managers also will have to consider this feature to use in the organization in a more effective way so that it can able to regain its employees motivation. Giacalone and Rosenfeld (2013) highlighted that leadership style of providing continues feedback regarding the performance of the employees can also have major impact on the motivational level of the employees. However, this requires effective communication system within the organizational structure. As the issue in Coca-Cola highlighted the fact that the company is facing challenges regarding its production process, it will have to develop an effective communication channel among the different level of production procedure so that it can able to utilize all its resources properly. According to Clarke (2013) salary or benefits is another important factor that the managers of the organization will have to look at in order to improve the satisfaction level of the employees. As benefit or salary structure have major r ole in fulfilling the personal requirements of the employees, it allows them to work more freely and concentrate more on their works, which eventually creates positive impact on the performance level of the employees (French et al. 2012). However, Coca-Cola is among the top organizations of the world regarding the employee benefits. Still, there are few areas left to resolve for the companies. Specifically, as the production employees are going through several changes the company will have to focus on the benefit structure of the employees. According to the Great Man theories, leadership is an attribute that primarily possess by the male or particularly military leaders. The theory highlighted the fact that the leaders are born with certain specific attributes. The theory also highlighted the fact that leaders have to have charisma, skills, intelligence, confidence etc. As per the article by Rice (2013) leaders with the mention skills, have the higher possibilities to maintain the satisfaction level of the management. It highlighted the fact that Coca-Cola might not select those personnel for the management position that has the ability to influence others. Trait theory of leadership also highlighted the same thing that people develop leadership qualities by born. Therefore, training an individual to manage the employees might not have same amount of effectiveness. Trait theory highlighted six individual traits such as intelligence, extraversion, adjustment, self-efficacy, openness to new opportunities and conscientious ness that every successful leader has to follow (Biddle 2013). Now, as Coca-Cola is finding difficulties in handling its executive level of employees, it had to focus on whether the managers of the company do possess these skills or not. As per the behavioral theory of leadership, behavioral attributes have major impact on the satisfaction level of the employees (Tourish 2014). Since, behavioral pattern of leaders have the potential to create huge amount of impact on the mind of the employees. The behavioral theory highlighted three types of leadership styles. Autocratic leadership reflects the leadership style where leaders try to dictate things on the employees (Sniehotta, Presseau and Arajo-Soares 2014). Therefore, it does not allow the followers too many chances to share their views or perspectives. Hence, it actually increases the dissatisfaction level of the employees. This is similar to the case of Coca-Cola, as employees are feeling left out by the management. However, autocratic leadership also has certain benefits but for the companies like Coca-Cola that are doing business almost in every country of the world, this type of leadership actually increases the confusion in the work place. As a result, overall effectiveness of the company got hampered. On the other hand, participative leadership theory allows management to form a leadership culture in which every employees can able to share their views (Beenen 2016). This type of behavioral is extremely effective for the employee motivation process as it allows employee to share their views to the management. It also allows management to identify any type of dissatisfaction occurring in the organization. Skill theory reflects that acquired skills and learned knowledge is significant factors for an effective leadership style. Hence, this theory actually describes the opposite of the trait theory. It also highlighted the fact that learned knowledge and skills are key to the success of the organization. Hence, managers of Coca-Cola will have to acquire leadership skills and knowledge in order to increase the satisfaction level of the employees. According to Clegg and Dunkerley (2013), satisfaction in workplace is positively correlated with motivational level of the employees. Hence, management of Coca-Cola will have to create an organizational culture in which every employee will feel motivated towards his or her work. Contingency theory of leadership highlighted that leadership style highly affected by the environmental variables also. As per the article by Nicolini (2012) this theory established the fact that there is no general type of leadership that can be applicable for all situat ion rather it heavily depends on particular situation. Hence, assessment of the cause of issue is necessary before implementing any leadership strategy. Otherwise, it might fail to fulfill its objective. Evidence: As per the article by Kautonen, Van Gelderen and Tornikoski (2013), motivational level of the employees is one of the important factor in context of organizational behavior. The word motivation comes from a Latin word motives which means a moving cause. It reflects the process of influencing the psychology of an individual. In organizational behavior context, there are several theories related to employee motivation. According to Maslow theory of motivation, organizations will have to fulfill a series of need of the employees in order to maintain their motivational level. This theory elaborated five needs that organizations will have to provide in order to increase the satisfaction level of the employees. The first step reflects psychological need of the employee. It highlighted that organizations will have to provide enough time for the personal life of the employee. Safety need reflects the need of safety or security of the employees. Hence, to fulfill this need organization will h ave to provide additional benefits like health security and job security so that employees can able to work freely. Love and belonging need demand excellent bonding among all level of employees so that they can able to think themselves as a part of the organization. To fulfill the esteem need, organization will have to provide deserved increment and promotion to all level of the employees so that they can able to motivate themselves towards the work. According to Francis, OConnor and Curran (2012) job motivation can be describe as a psychological drive that gives an indication of the behavioral direction of the employees in an organization. The motivation level of the employees within the organizational structure depends on the three factors such as level of persistence, level of efforts and direction of behavior. The degree of performance of the employees measured on the kind of effort they are making to fulfill the requirement of the jobs. The behavioral direction of the employees evaluated by the degree an employee decides to perform on the slated task and the persistence level of the employees depends on the kind of effort they making to overcome the obstacles in the assigned task (Lussier and Achua 2015). Hence, it reflects that motivation is a significant factor that plays a key role in enhancing the performance level of the employees. Especially, in this highly competitive business environment, every organization is looking to utilize its internal resources to its fullest so that it can able to gain competitive advantage in the market. Coca-Cola also will have to develop a leadership style that has the potential to induce all its employees to give their best effort so that organization can able to fulfill its objective. In organizational behavior context, motivation level of employees is divided into two categories, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. According to Northouse (2015), intrinsic motivation reflects self-generated motivation. This only happens when employees feel happy in engaging into a job that they feel comfortable and happy. Therefore, it highly depends on the skill and knowledge level of the employees. Since, the more the knowledge or skills an employee has the greater possibilities of feeling comfortable in a particular job. Hence, management of Coca-Cola has to provide enough training facilities so that employees can able to feel comfortable regarding their responsibilities. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation reflects that motivation level of the employees is also highly depended on the several external factors of the organization. These include praise, promotion, salary, security, bonus, incentives and other benefits of the organization. According to Nohria and Kh urana (2013) promotion is a factor that highly depended on the level of previous performances made by a particular employee. Hence, management of Coca-Cola also has to measure performances of all the employees so that it could able to select right individual for the promotion. Otherwise, it can have huge amount of negative impact on the motivational level of the employees. Managers of Coca-Cola also have to communicate the particular factors or reasons they are selecting an employee to promote. Otherwise, it might send wrong message to those employees whom are also working hard for the organization (Dinh et al. 2014). The management of Coca-Cola also have to communicate the kind of future that an employee can able to receive by providing their best effort for the organization. This will not only help to improve the motivational level of the employees but also will create positive impact on the performance level of the organization. Final diagnosis: The above case study highlighted that Coca-Cola is facing several challenges in its production process of sparkling beverages. It not only affecting the motivational perspectives of employees but also creating huge amount of adverse impact on the image of the organization. Therefore, leaders of the company will have to focus on the both political and human resource management frame in order to maintain a proper culture in the organization. As per the article by Dvir et al. (2015), organizational structure also has huge amount of impact on the motivational level of the employees. Since, organizational structure has impact on the grouping and coordination among the employees. Management of organizations will have to consider six factors such as formalization, specialization, chain of command, span of control, decentralization and centralization in order to manage its internal resources effectively. In organizational behavior, three basic organizational structures are mentioned that is used in most of the company. Simple structure of organization reflects of wide span of control, low level of formalization and low level of decentralization (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). This structure is primarily used in the small size businesses, as it allows the organization to implement quick decisions. The bureaucracy structure characterized by highly routine task, high level of standardization, centralized authority and limited span of control. The majority of MNC has used this type of organizational structure, as it allows to maintain huge workforce effectively. Hence, leaders of Coca-Cola also have to utilize the organizational structure to improve the motivational level of the employees. In fact, the focus of managers of Coca-Cola will have to identify whether organizational structure has impact on the present issue of the lower level of motivation of the employees. Another major factor that can have impact on the current issue facing by Coca-Cola is team development. Since, a well-organized team allows every member to communicate much more freely. It also allows organizations to introduce much smoother communication process along the different level of the organization. According to Antonakis and House (2014), leaders or managers have the prime role in developing an organization. As trait theory, highlighted leaders must have to have some inborn traits, which will influence people around it. For team development, an individual with specific types of traits is extremely important for team development. Since, without any leader no team can able to develop properly. This again signifies the important of leadership development within the organization. Hence, Coca-Cola management also has to focus on the overall development of the team so that it can able to improve its organizational process. The leadership strategy of Coca-Cola also will have to f ocus on whether or not the employees are working as a team or not. In many instance, employees of an organizational team or department creates their own groups within the department according to their preferences. This not only hampers the overall bonding of all the team members but also has huge amount of impact on the organizational internal process (Alimo Metcalfe 2013). Hence, leadership strategy of Coca-Cola also have to implement in such way that could able to induce all employees to develop a strong bonding among each other so that it can able to work to its fullest efficiency. This will also have positive impact on the present motivational level of the employees. Alternative Solution: As the people over the world are becoming more and more health conscious, Coca-Cola will have to develop its entire product in such a way that it cannot able to create negative impact on the health of the customers. For instance, the company will have to focus more on the non-carbonated beverages for the enhancing the image of the company. Productions managers will have to understand the exact factors that are affecting the motivational level of the ground level employees. Management of the company also has to provide proper training not only to the manager level of the employees but also to ground level employees as well. It will help to increase the bonding among the production employees of carbonated beverages. As mentioned earlier, bonding among the team members can have huge amount of impact on the motivational level of employees. In addition, proper training will enhance the knowledge of the employees, which will help them to understand to the necessity of the changes. It will also create a positive impact on the satisfaction level of the employees. Therefore, it will help Coca-Cola to maintain a proper organizational structure. Conclusion: The above discussion highlighted the fact that the Coca-Cola Company has an organized structure that induces employee involvement in management decision. As a result, the company has able to manage the motivation and satisfaction level of the employees effectively for long period of time. However, decision-making strategy of the Coca-Cola has faced criticism many times because of its lack of vision that the kind of negative impact it can made on the involvement level of the employees. In addition, the above case has mentioned that the decision-making strategy by the leaders of the organization does create huge amount of negative impact on the employees motivation level. Hence, the management of the organization will have to reconsider about their decision-making strategies in order to maintain a proper organizational behavior. Thus to conclude, it can be state that leadership has huge amount impact on the organizational effectiveness. 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